Microsoft offers 17 site templates in SharePoint 2013 Enterprise Edition. Below are descriptions of each with a homepage screenshot. Also, I included the PowerShell script I used to create all 17 site collections so you can copy/paste to run on your farm. Please leave a comment if you found this helpful.
Get-SPWebTemplate |% {Write-Host $_.Name;$url=$_.Name.Replace("#","-");New-SPSite -URL http://intranet.contoso.com/sites/$url -OwnerAlias "CONTOSO\Administrator" -Language 1033 -CompatibilityLevel $_.CompatibilityLevel -Template $_.Name}Team Site
A place to work together with a group of people.
Blog
A site for a person or team to post ideas, observations, and expertise that site visitors can comment on.
Developer Site
A site for developers to build, test and publish apps for Office.
Project Site
A site for managing and collaborating on a project. This site template brings all status, communication, and artifacts relevant to the project into one place.
Community Site
A place where community members discuss topics of common interest. Members can browse and discover relevant content by exploring categories, sorting discussions by popularity or by viewing only posts that have a best reply. Members gain reputation points by participating in the community, such as starting discussions and replying to them, liking posts and specifying best replies.
Document Center
A site to centrally manage documents in your enterprise.
eDiscovery Center
A site to manage the preservation, search, and export of content for legal matters and investigations.
Records Center
This template creates a site designed for records management. Records managers can configure the routing table to direct incoming files to specific locations. The site also lets you manage whether records can be deleted or modified after they are added to the repository.
Business Intelligence Center
A site for presenting Business Intelligence content in SharePoint.
Enterprise Search Center
A site focused on delivering an enterprise-wide search experience. Includes a welcome page with a search box that connects users to four search results page experiences: one for general searches, one for people searches, one for conversation searches, and one for video searches. You can add and customize new results pages to focus on other types of search queries.
My Site Host
A site used for hosting personal sites (My Sites) and the public People Profile page. This template needs to be provisioned only once per User Profile Service Application, please consult the documentation for details.
Community Portal
A site for discovering communities.
Basic Search Center
A site focused on delivering a basic search experience. Includes a welcome page with a search box that connects users to a search results page, and an advanced search page. This Search Center will not appear in navigation.
Visio Process Repository
A site for viewing, sharing, and storing Visio process diagrams. It includes a versioned document library and templates for Basic Flowcharts, Cross-functional Flowcharts, and BPMN diagrams.
Publishing Portal
A starter site hierarchy for an Internet-facing site or a large intranet portal. This site can be customized easily with distinctive branding. It includes a home page, a sample press releases subsite, a Search Center, and a login page. Typically, this site has many more readers than contributors, and it is used to publish Web pages with approval workflows.
Enterprise Wiki
A site for publishing knowledge that you capture and want to share across the enterprise. It provides an easy content editing experience in a single location for co-authoring content, discussions, and project management.
Product Catalog
A site for managing product catalog data which can be published to an internet-facing site through search. The product catalog can be configured to support product variants and multilingual product properties. The site includes admin pages for managing faceted navigation for products.
